Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
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Quick and easy probe tip navigation
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Z drive can work in the same range as the chuck
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Enables higher separation gap while the DUT stays in focus
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Automatically configure and optimize performance
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24/7 operating
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Increased MTBF
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Protects the measurement setup
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Prevents involuntary mechanical contact between lens and probes
See more Key Features in Specifications & Features tab
Introducing Auriga’s 5th generation pulsed IV/RF characterization system delivers unparalleled performance, capturing measurements with incredible speed and accuracy. Pulsed IV (current-voltage) measurements have emerged as the preferred method of capturing current-voltage characteristics of active devices such as field effect (FETs) and bipolar junction (BJTs) transistors. With the growing popularity of higher-power devices, like GaN HEMTs, LDMOS, SiC, and graphene, current and voltage requirements are constantly being pushed higher and higher.
- High Power Density: 600 watts in 1U (1.75 inches) high, half rack (8.5 inches) wide; no top or bottom clearance spacing required.
- Near Linear Ripple & Noise Ripple as low as 2.5mV rms, noise as low as 15mV p-p.
- Remote Control
- LXI Compliant Ethernet LAN / RS-232C (16 bit)
- IEEE-488.2 / RS-232C (12 bit)
- Standard analog programming 0-5V, 0-10V, or 0-5kΩ.
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Shading correction
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Defect pixel correction
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Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
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Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
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Auto exposure (25 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation
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Color correction
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Local color anti-aliasing
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Reverse X/Y
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
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Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
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Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Shading correction
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Defect pixel correction
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Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
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Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
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Auto exposure (31 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation
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Color correction
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Local color anti-aliasing
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Reverse X/Y
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
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Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
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Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
PIXIS XF low-noise cameras have a unique fiberoptic design with multiple phosphor screen options for the direct detection of x-rays. With an exclusive mechanical design, where the fiberoptic faceplate extends outside the vacuum, the PIXIS XF offers flexibility for optimizing performance at specific medium-energy x-rays.
Focus offers a complete range of manual tuners. The MMT series use the same RF technology and precision as a comparable automatic tuner.
They are available in octave and multi-octave bands between 400 MHz and 18 GHz and provide high VSWR at DUT reference plane with a high reliability.
For harmonic tuning requirements, the MMT series can be enhanced, referring to as option –H2 and –H23, using a similar concept as Focus’ harmonic rejection tuners (PHT).
For more information on Automated Tuners, Click here!
Image optimization features:
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 22 dB)
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Auto exposure (manual exposure control: 100 µs to 1 s, 1 µs increments)
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Binning (horizontal and vertical) (sum)
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Decimation X/Y
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Enhanced Defect Pixel Correction (DPC)
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Fixed Pattern Noise Correction (FPNC)
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Gamma correction
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Three look-up tables (LUTs)
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Region of interest (ROI)
Camera control features:
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EF lens control (order option -18)
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Event channel
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Image chunk data
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IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
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RS232
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Storable user sets
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StreamBytesPerSecond (bandwidth control)
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Stream hold
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Sync out modes: Trigger ready, input, exposing, readout, imaging, strobe, GPO
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Temperature monitoring (main board and sensor board)
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Trigger over Ethernet (ToE) Action Commands
- High performance GPS disciplined Time/Frequency standard
- Ethernet Interface for management and control
- Network Time Protocol (NTP)
- Multiple 1PPS outputs with individual delay compensation
- Multiple Low Phase Noise 10MHz outputs with software programmable level
- Time Code outputs including Have Quick, IRIG A, IRIG B, IRIG E, IRIG G
- Sync to GPS or to Have Quick/1PPS per ICD-GPS-060
- Choice of internal disciplined OCXO or Rubidium Oscillator
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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