Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
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Type APS-H CMOS sensor
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IEEE 1588 PTP
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Power over Ethernet
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4.59 fps at full resolution
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Extended near-infrared (GT5120NIR) model
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GigE Vision interface with Power over Ethernet
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Screw mount RJ45 Ethernet connector for secure operation in industrial environments
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Supports cable lengths up to 100 meters (CAT-6 recommended)
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Trigger over Ethernet Action Commands allow for a single cable solution to reduce system costs
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Comprehensive I/O functionality for simplified system integration
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Planarity adjusted (PA) EF Lens Mount (option -18) for electronic control of aperture and autofocus
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Easy camera mounting via standard M3 threads at all sides and 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole
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Easy software integration with Allied Vision's Vimba Suite and compatibility to the most popular third party image-processing libraries.
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Enhanced Defect Pixel Correction feature with a new Defective Pixel List Manager tool that allows you to load different user defined defective pixel lists to match your application and optimize the life cycle of the camera
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Type APS-H CMOS sensor
-
IEEE 1588 PTP
-
Power over Ethernet
-
4.59 fps at full resolution
-
Extended near-infrared (GT5120NIR) model
-
GigE Vision interface with Power over Ethernet
-
Screw mount RJ45 Ethernet connector for secure operation in industrial environments
-
Supports cable lengths up to 100 meters (CAT-6 recommended)
-
Trigger over Ethernet Action Commands allow for a single cable solution to reduce system costs
-
Comprehensive I/O functionality for simplified system integration
-
Planarity adjusted (PA) EF Lens Mount (option -18) for electronic control of aperture and autofocus
-
Easy camera mounting via standard M3 threads at all sides and 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole
-
Easy software integration with Allied Vision's Vimba Suite and compatibility to the most popular third party image-processing libraries.
-
Enhanced Defect Pixel Correction feature with a new Defective Pixel List Manager tool that allows you to load different user defined defective pixel lists to match your application and optimize the life cycle of the camera
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Supports the latest 5G FR1 and IEEE 802.11ax standards
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up to 1GHz active load pull bandwidth capability
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Test the latest high bandwidth and high modulation cellular standards such as 1024QAM 802.11ax
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This system can be used in all parts of the design cycle
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Initial device characterisation
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MMIC or PA design
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Design verification testing
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Product testing in the factory
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Focus provides the deepest portfolio of wideband fundamental and harmonic passive tuners. Passive impedance tuners generate controllable reflection factor (Impedance) across the smith chart over a given frequency range. Focus uses two basic technologies:
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From 100MHz to 120GHz we use the slide screw technique in which a reflective probe is inserted into a low loss slotted transmission line.
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For frequencies from 10MHz to 170MHz we use a lumped element technology, whereby variable capacitors are connected with optimized lengths of coaxial cable. To view our Low Frequency Tuners, Click Here!
Most Focus Passive Tuners use long lasting RF probes which are designed for optimal tuning accuracy and are free of spurious resonances. The combination of multiple probes provide ultra wideband coverage in one single tuner. All Focus Passive Tuners are LAN controlled and include on-board impedance synthesis firmware.
For more information on Passive Tuners, visit our youtube channel!
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Load-lock chamber: Cycle devices 10X faster in a cryogenic environment
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High-density electrical interface at cryogenic temperatures: More pins on the device enables more test structures to be probed with a single cooldown
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Base temperature of < 2K or < 4K with high cooling power: Test devices at the temperatures that matter most for pre- screening and evaluating device performance
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Low vibration: Stable contact with the device under test and enables low noise measurements
- High Power Density DC Power Supply: Up to 15 kW in a 3U / 30 kW in a 6U chassis
- Wide Voltage Range: 0-40V up to 0-600V, in increments of 5 kW from 5 to 30 kW
- Fast Load Transient Response: Protection from undesired voltage excursions
- Low RMS and P-P Noise: Suitable for the most sensitive applications
- Parallelable DC output up to 150 kW: Expandable as your requirement grows.
- Modular Design: Upgradeable for the ultimate in investment protection
- Sequencing: Program custom waveforms
- Easy-to-read Fluorescent Display: SGI supports English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages.
- 16-bit Resolution: Optional IEEE-488.2 + RS-232C + Ethernet provides precise control
- Ethernet Control: LXI Class C compliant communication through an integrated web server
- Direct Relay Control: Control output and sense isolation relays, along with polarity relays. (Ethernet Option Only)
- Hardware Trigger: Ethernet Option Only
- 5-Year Warranty
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Shading correction
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Defect pixel correction
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Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
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Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
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Auto exposure (74 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation
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Color correction
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Local color anti-aliasing
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Reverse X/Y
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
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Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
- Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
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Write your own code in ANSI C, as part of the FRIWO firmware.
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Focus on developing your own applications and USPs:
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Develop your own hill assist (application: eScooter)
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Turn your motor control into a fan or pump control
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Adapt CAN messages to your existing eScooter setup
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Adapt CAN messages of your FRIWO Battery Pack
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Use your own algorithms for field oriented control (coming soon)
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Develop your own State of Charge (SOC) calculation within the BMS (coming soon)
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Access to new modules to provide even more integration depth and possibilities for customization.
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Monitor and change your own parameters within the FRIWO Enable Tool.
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Advanced component protection against misconfiguration.
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Easy rollout of your customized software for your eScooter fleet (Requirement: The eScooters run with MCU6000).
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Access to Github Repository with detailed code samples.
Reproduces transient voltage surge phenomena generated in a vehicle and evaluates the immune resistibility of DUT against the surge. The output waveforms are five as high-repeating pulse, giant pulse, field decay pulse, trapezoidal waveform + high-repeating pulse and high repeating pulse + giant pulse.
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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