Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
- This High Intensity Spot Light is engineered for long throw and high brightness illumination.
- Built with 12 high current LEDs focused to produce even illumination at distances beyond 300mm.
- Designed to replace our previous SL185 with 3X the brightness (110Klux @ 300mm).
- Available in a wide range of wavelengths.
Thin plate broadband antenna has been developed for efficient immunity testing against hand-held transmitters and cellular phones. Many pieces of spot frequency antennas had to be used in turn thus fur. This new Thin-plate Broadband Antenna is a single antenna solution eliminating the need for antenna changes and dramatically reducing the test time. Furthermore, this antenna with its small-size and lightweight properties and a flexible handle is suitable for testing in narrow spaces.
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A wide frequency range eliminating the need for antenna changes
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30W maximum power input allows high filed strengths
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High efficiency due to a low VSWR and high gain
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Suitable for broadband digital modulation thanks to a good VSWR flatness
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Small, light-weight and flat antenna easy to use in narrow spaces
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Easy handling with a flexible arm
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A wide radiation pattern makes directivity of the fields no longer an issue
- IEC 61000-4-4 Ed.3 standard compliance.
- Pre-check function is installed. Inspection before testing is now easy.
- Normal mode test support. Taking account of field troubles is possible. (option)
- Utilize an outlet box that simplifies EUT connection. (option)
- Compared with conventional products, the size has become compact. (Approximately 67% by volume)
- Easy to understand Panel display reduces mistakes in connecting power cables.
- Software control with Windows. (option)
- Next calibration date can be notified. (Windows software only)
- Employ LCD screen with multi-language support and enhanced operability.
- Maximum output voltage of 5 kV and maximum pulse frequency of 2 MHz allow you to test above the standard test level.
- CDN capacity is increased to single phase type AC 240 V 20 A, single and three phase type to AC 600 V 63 A, supporting wider range of EUT.
- Large capacity CDN (100 A or 150 A) option available for Injection test on various EUT.
- Using coupling clamps, EMS probe kits, you can test the signal lines and evaluate the noise immunity on the PCB. (option)
Image optimization features:
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 22 dB)
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Auto exposure (manual exposure control: 100 µs to 1 s, 1 µs increments)
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Binning (horizontal and vertical) (sum)
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Decimation X/Y
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Enhanced Defect Pixel Correction (DPC)
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Fixed Pattern Noise Correction (FPNC)
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Gamma correction
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Three look-up tables (LUTs)
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Region of interest (ROI)
Camera control features:
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EF lens control (order option -18)
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Event channel
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Image chunk data
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IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
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RS232
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Storable user sets
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StreamBytesPerSecond (bandwidth control)
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Stream hold
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Sync out modes: Trigger ready, input, exposing, readout, imaging, strobe, GPO
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Temperature monitoring (main board and sensor board)
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Trigger over Ethernet (ToE) Action Commands
An impedance tuner is an apparatus, which generates controllable reflection factor (Impedance) over a certain frequency range. Focus uses two basic technologies:
a) For frequencies from 100MHz to 110GHz (and above) we use the slide screw technique (models Multi Harmonic MPT, wideband (fundamental) CCMT, harmonic rejection PHT), in which a reflective probe (slug) is inserted into the slot of a low loss slotted transmission line (slabline or waveguide).
b) For frequencies from below 10MHz to 170MHz we use a lumped element technology (models LFT), whereby variable capacitors are connected with optimized lengths of coaxial cable.
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High power capability: +/- 200V, 17A.
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Minimum pulse width: 200ns.
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Modular design which enables multiple configurations.
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Shared library. The MPIV can be used as a standalone instrument using an ActiveX library, which easily integrates into existing test software.
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Flexible Input/Output. Choose between high power and high precision pulse modules to create a customized setup for your specific application.
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Compatible with Focus Microwaves’ device characterization software (Load Pull Explorer, LPEx)
- PowerFlex design provides higher currents at lower voltages enabling one model to meet many different voltage/current requirements.
- Compact design for bench use or rack mounting (1/2 or 1/4 rack width)
- True analog controls with digital settings locking (S-Lock)
- Mixed-mode regulation with linear final regulation for low noise
- Dual models have isolated voltage tracking and synchronous on/off.
- P models have RS-232, USB, and LXI-compliant LAN interfaces plus duplicate rear terminals. GPIB Optional.
- Repair-focused environment for XJDeveloper / XJRunner tests.
- Full Connection test.
- RAM, Flash and other non-JTAG device tests.
- Flash, FPGA, CPLD and EEPROM programming.
- Layout Viewer* to show the physical location of faulty nets, pins and components.
- Schematic Viewer* to show the circuit design around faults.
- Direct control of the pins/balls of JTAG devices.
- View pin states graphically in real time or capture them in the Waveform Viewer.
- Trace signals to identify shorts, opens and other faults.
The automotive industry is a sector frequently on the cusp of transformation. Fast-paced industry shifts span technology innovations, regulatory standards, green initiatives, and customer expectations, influencing manufacturers’ testing needs, growth objectives, and overall business strategies. Companies striving for a competitive edge focus on sustainable practices, regulatory compliance, and innovation in Electric Vehicles (EVs), alternative fuels, and autonomous driving systems. This positions the automotive industry in vital need of testing facilities that are future-proofed for rapid and ongoing transformation.
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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