Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
VNA Master (500 kHz to 6 GHz)
- 2-port, 1-path Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)
- Intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) with convenient Touch Screen
- Exceptional RF immunity
- 100 dB Transmission Dynamic Range
- Vector Voltmeter option, ideal for cable phase matching
+Spectrum Analyzer (9 kHz to 6GHz)
- Dynamic Range: > 95 dB in 10 Hz RBW
- DANL: –162 dBm (1 Hz)
- Phase Noise: –100 dBc/Hz max @ 10 kHz offset at 1 GHz
- Frequency Accuracy: < ±50 ppb with GPS On
- Detectors: Peak, Negative, Sample, Quasi-peak, and true RMS
- PIM Hunting
- Standard three-year warranty (battery one-year warranty)
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Versatile temperature range for extreme environments
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IEEE 1588 PTP
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Power over Ethernet
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EF lens control
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Monochrome (GT1930L) and color (GT1930LC) models
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GigE Vision interface with Power over Ethernet
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Screw mount RJ45 Ethernet connector for secure operation in industrial environments
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Supports cable lengths up to 100 meters (CAT-6 recommended)
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The Sony IMX174 Exmor is a high sensitivity CMOS sensor
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Trigger over Ethernet Action Commands allow for a single cable solution to reduce system costs
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Comprehensive I/O functionality for simplified system integration
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Planarity adjustable (PA) EF Lens Mount for electronic control of aperture and autofocus
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Easy camera mounting via standard M3 threads at all sides and 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole
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Easy software integration with Allied Vision's Vimba Suite and compatibility to the most popular third party image-processing libraries.
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Coaxial and triaxial measurements up to 10,000 V
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High-quality construction with low-noise electrical performance
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Replaceable probe tips in a variety of tip sizes
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Temperature range of -60°C to 300°C
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Triaxial measurement ensures a much better understanding of device leakage in the off state
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Highly reliable, stable and repeatable measurements
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Integrally designed as part of a complete measurement solution
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Shading correction
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Defect pixel correction
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Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
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Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
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Auto exposure (25 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation
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Color correction
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Local color anti-aliasing
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Reverse X/Y
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
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Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
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Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
An impedance tuner is an apparatus, which generates controllable reflection factor (Impedance) over a certain frequency range. Focus uses two basic technologies:
a) For frequencies from 100MHz to 110GHz (and above) we use the slide screw technique (models Multi Harmonic MPT, wideband (fundamental) CCMT, harmonic rejection PHT), in which a reflective probe (slug) is inserted into the slot of a low loss slotted transmission line (slabline or waveguide).
b) For frequencies from below 10MHz to 170MHz we use a lumped element technology (models LFT), whereby variable capacitors are connected with optimized lengths of coaxial cable.
Thin plate broadband antenna has been developed for efficient immunity testing against hand-held transmitters and cellular phones. Many pieces of spot frequency antennas had to be used in turn thus fur. This new Thin-plate Broadband Antenna is a single antenna solution eliminating the need for antenna changes and dramatically reducing the test time. Furthermore, this antenna with its small-size and lightweight properties and a flexible handle is suitable for testing in narrow spaces.
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A wide frequency range eliminating the need for antenna changes
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30W maximum power input allows high filed strengths
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High efficiency due to a low VSWR and high gain
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Suitable for broadband digital modulation thanks to a good VSWR flatness
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Small, light-weight and flat antenna easy to use in narrow spaces
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Easy handling with a flexible arm
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A wide radiation pattern makes directivity of the fields no longer an issue
This model is for carrying out a high pressure noise test of individual automotive manufacturers' demands. It simulates representative high voltage noise of HV and EV.
- Single-phase 3 wire
- AC85 - 240V16A
- 50/60Hz
- DC125V16A
- Pulse: ~ 500V 50kHz (option)
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Shading correction
-
Defect pixel correction
-
Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
-
Decimation
-
Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
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Auto exposure (39 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
-
Hue, saturation
-
Color correction
-
Local color anti-aliasing
-
Reverse X/Y
-
Deferred image transport
-
Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
-
Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
-
SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
-
Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
-
Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
-
High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
-
Low-noise binning mode
-
Shading correction
-
Defect pixel correction
-
Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
-
Binning
-
Decimation
-
Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
-
Auto exposure (31 µs to 67 s)
-
Auto white balance
-
Look-up table (LUT)
-
Hue, saturation
-
Color correction
-
Local color anti-aliasing
-
Reverse X/Y
-
Deferred image transport
-
Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
-
Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
-
SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
-
Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
-
Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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