Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Smear reduction
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Shading correction
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Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
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Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24 dB)
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Auto exposure (27 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation, color correction
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Reverse X
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count)
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Storable user sets
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Customizable sample space to fit the user’s application
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Long holding time: 100 hours for six (6) STP liter He-3 gas
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Stable He-3 pot temperature: Separate sippers for 1K pot and the charcoal sorb cooling line; +/- 0.5 mK at base temperature
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Low noise
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Multiple operation modes: He-3 cryostat can be operated without pumping the 1K pot (referred to as 4K operation mode)
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Highly stable granite base
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Independent, coarse movement of X and Y axes, combined with easy fine adjustments
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Re-configurable for DC, RF, mmW, FA, WLR and more
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Full thermal range of -60°C to +300°C
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Low-profile, straightforward design
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Spacious top chambers for up to 12 positioners
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Reduces electrical noise by providing a fully electromagnetically shielded, ultra-low-noise, light-tight environment
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Enables accurate low-noise measurements of atto amperes, femtofarads and microvolts at temperatures down to -60°C
See more Key Features on Specifications & Details tab
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Shading correction
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Defect pixel correction
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Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
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Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
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Auto exposure (49 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation
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Color correction
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Local color anti-aliasing
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Reverse X/Y
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
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Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
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Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
- High performance GPS disciplined Time/Frequency standard
- Ethernet Interface for management and control
- Network Time Protocol (NTP)
- Multiple 1PPS outputs with individual delay compensation
- Multiple Low Phase Noise 10MHz outputs with software programmable level
- Time Code outputs including Have Quick, IRIG A, IRIG B, IRIG E, IRIG G
- Sync to GPS or to Have Quick/1PPS per ICD-GPS-060
- Choice of internal disciplined OCXO or Rubidium Oscillator
- Vector Network Analyzer Frequency Range from 10 MHz up to 3.2 GHz
- Spectrum Analyzer Frequency Range from 9 kHz up to 3.2 GHz
- -156 dBm/Hz Displayed Average Noise Level (Typ.)
- -98 dBc/Hz @10 kHz Offset Phase Noise (1 GHz, Typ.)
- Total Amplitude Accuracy < 1.2 dB
- 1 Hz Minimum Resolution Bandwidth (RBW)
- All-Digital IF Technology
- Standard Preamplifier
- Distance to fault capability using VNA time domain analysis
- Up to 1.5 GHz Tracking Generator Kit
- Built-in Advanced Measurement capability (CHP, ACPR, OBW, CNR, TOI, etc)
- 10.1 lnch WVGA (1024 x 600) Display
- 3 isolated low phase noise 10MHz outputs
- Internal GPS Tracking Receiver
- External 1 PPS input
- Small footprint designed for easy integration
- Disciplined high stability OCXO
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Low noise GigE Vision InGaAs SWIR camera
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VGA resolution
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Power over Ethernet (PoE+)
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large pixel with high dynamic
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Strong sensor cooling, no condensation
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Very strong sensor cooling for low-noise imaging with long exposure times
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GigE Vision interface with PoE+
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Comprehensive I/O control options
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Automated on-board image correction
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Extended operating temperature range
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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