White Papers

Low differential group delay
Low differential group delay (DGD) between the modes of a graded-index few-mode fiber is obtained by combining segments with DGD of opposite sign. Transmission of mode-multiplexed 620-GBd QPSK over a record distance of 1200 km is demonstrated.
Oscilloscopes
We experimentally demonstrate transmission of 6 mode-multiplexed 20-Gbd-QPSK signals over 1200 km of three-core microstructured fiber (3C-MSF). An aggregate single-wavelength capacity of 240 Gbit/s is recovered by off-line 66 coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing.
Multiplexed Transmissions
We demonstrate 12 x 12 multiple-input multiple-output mode multiplexed transmission over 130-km of few-mode fiber of a combined 6-space-, 2-polarization-, and 8-wavelength-division multiplex, using low-loss photonic lantern and 3D-waveguide mode multiplexers.
Quality Assurance Testing
Companies manufacturing all sorts of products use Quality assurance (QA) to prevent errors and mistakes in their products and ensure flawless product deliveries to their customers. This willimprovecustomer satisfaction and reducethe need for after-salestroubleshooting and support. QA give companies get a systematic process to find outif their products meet what is required. QA defines requirements for developing and manufacturing reliable products.A driving force behind QA is the ISO(International Organization for Standardization). ISOhas developed the ISO 9000international standard, on which many companies base their QA system. QA testing is done during and after development andprovidesinformationtodevelopers if changes or improvements are required.During product development the development team will do thorough testing of the product, covering e.g. functional and stress testing of the basic functionality of the product. QA testing of physical products normally includes stress testing of a number of environmental conditions.QA tests that may be conducted include: EMC Tests •Mechanical Tests Thermal/Humidity Tests Hi-Pot Tests Sand and Dust Tests Salt Spray Tests
Oscilloscopes
A single-polarization 160-Gb/s (80-Gbaud) electronically time-division-multiplexed (ETDM) quadrature phase-shift-keyed (QPSK) signal is generated and coherently detected using two 45-GHz-bandwidth oscilloscope prototypes and offline processing.