Focus Microwaves - Cardiff Behavioral Model Software
The Cardiff Model+ formulation has a number of unique benefits over alternative approaches where formulations are truncated. Once the formulation is extended, the model moves away from a local model, where multiple models are required to define an impedance space (i.e load lookup), to a model that has a set of coefficients that describes the behavior of a device over an entire impedance space. This dramatically reduces file size and also allows any interpolation to be defined by the model itself rather than relying upon the interpolation algorithm in the simulator. Also, as harmonic superposition is not assumed in the CM+ formulation, a full harmonic mixing model is uncovered describing harmonic interactions and improving model accuracy particularly for complex modes of operation.
Strategy
![](/sites/default/files/styles/max_650x650/public/modeling-strategy-01-e1489612543395-1024x491.png?itok=Id64PDuQ)
EDA Example
EDA example using CM+
The Cardiff Model portfolio is fully supported in all major EDS tools including Keysight Advanced Design System and AWR Microwave office. These models are ideal for release to customers. They are accurate and as they are black box no reverse engineering of the underlying technology is possible.
![](/sites/default/files/styles/max_650x650/public/behavioral-model-ads-schemetic-1536x796.png?itok=6Rqqwwjt)
Setup
Typical Cardiff Model Setup
![](/sites/default/files/styles/max_650x650/public/diagram_cardiff_model-1024x724.png?itok=yzQT0PK8)
Comparative Data
![](/sites/default/files/styles/max_650x650/public/behavioral-model-measurement-data-display-1536x644.png?itok=4G4bUSGe)
More Product Information
![FRIWO - Software Development Kit FRIWO - Software Development Kit](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/friwo_e_mobility_software_development_kit_089103_443214770716667_600x600.jpg?itok=9r5sq6CG)
-
Write your own code in ANSI C, as part of the FRIWO firmware.
-
Focus on developing your own applications and USPs:
-
Develop your own hill assist (application: eScooter)
-
Turn your motor control into a fan or pump control
-
Adapt CAN messages to your existing eScooter setup
-
Adapt CAN messages of your FRIWO Battery Pack
-
Use your own algorithms for field oriented control (coming soon)
-
Develop your own State of Charge (SOC) calculation within the BMS (coming soon)
-
-
Access to new modules to provide even more integration depth and possibilities for customization.
-
Monitor and change your own parameters within the FRIWO Enable Tool.
-
Advanced component protection against misconfiguration.
-
Easy rollout of your customized software for your eScooter fleet (Requirement: The eScooters run with MCU6000).
-
Access to Github Repository with detailed code samples.
![Focus Microwaves - Sub-18GHz Tuners Focus Microwaves - Sub-18GHz Tuners](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/sub_18_ghz_tuners_0.png?itok=_PM5ZtIx)
-
From 100MHz to 120GHz we use the slide screw technique in which a reflective probe is inserted into a low loss slotted transmission line.
-
For frequencies from 10MHz to 170MHz we use a lumped element technology, whereby variable capacitors are connected with optimized lengths of coaxial cable. To view our Low Frequency Tuners, Click Here!
![Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/noise-hardware-1024x569-o8utrl0xzd9qfifmwczjhd1qi0jrhjivw83cby9rhs.png?itok=KsQP0sM_)
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
![AVT - Prosilica GT 5120 26.2 megapixel industrial camera for extended temperature ranges AVT - Prosilica GT 5120 26.2 megapixel industrial camera for extended temperature ranges](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/prosilica_gt_gige_vision_2_1.png?itok=J_wsxcAz)
-
Type APS-H CMOS sensor
-
IEEE 1588 PTP
-
Power over Ethernet
-
4.59 fps at full resolution
-
Monochrome (GT5120) model
-
GigE Vision interface with Power over Ethernet
-
Screw mount RJ45 Ethernet connector for secure operation in industrial environments
-
Supports cable lengths up to 100 meters (CAT-6 recommended)
-
Trigger over Ethernet Action Commands allow for a single cable solution to reduce system costs
-
Comprehensive I/O functionality for simplified system integration
-
Planarity adjusted (PA) EF Lens Mount (option -18) for electronic control of aperture and autofocus
-
Easy camera mounting via standard M3 threads at all sides and 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole
-
Easy software integration with Allied Vision's Vimba Suite and compatibility to the most popular third party image-processing libraries.
-
Enhanced Defect Pixel Correction feature with a new Defective Pixel List Manager tool that allows you to load different user defined defective pixel lists to match your application and optimize the life cycle of the camera
![Focus Microwaves - Vector Load Pull Test Software Focus Microwaves - Vector Load Pull Test Software](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/1-3_0.png?itok=9eBk4F0P)
![Focus Microwaves - Low Frequency Tuners Focus Microwaves - Low Frequency Tuners](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/lft-013006-2-1024x358.png?itok=I0ekWXEr)
The low frequency tuners are a unique product technology using MPT algorithms for low frequency wideband tuning. Three or more cascaded tuning sections use series transmission cables and parallel rotary capacitors.
The length of the cables and number of tuning sections are optimized for maximum tuning range over a given bandwidth. HLFT tuners use 6 tuning sections allowing second harmonic frequency tuning.
![Focus Microwaves - On-Wafer Delta Tuners Focus Microwaves - On-Wafer Delta Tuners](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/onwafer_delta_tuners.png?itok=4nuFDbNa)
![XJInvestigator](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/2024-02/products-xjinvestigator.png?itok=EiRjKh_r)
- Repair-focused environment for XJDeveloper / XJRunner tests.
- Full Connection test.
- RAM, Flash and other non-JTAG device tests.
- Flash, FPGA, CPLD and EEPROM programming.
- Layout Viewer* to show the physical location of faulty nets, pins and components.
- Schematic Viewer* to show the circuit design around faults.
- Direct control of the pins/balls of JTAG devices.
- View pin states graphically in real time or capture them in the Waveform Viewer.
- Trace signals to identify shorts, opens and other faults.
![Focus Microwaves - RF Test Fixtures Focus Microwaves - RF Test Fixtures](/sites/default/files/styles/max_325x325/public/test_fixture_3-1016x1024.png?itok=YzqcJWoT)
Focus’ modular microstrip, high power and ultra low loss coaxial RF Test Fixtures are designed mainly for load pull testing of packaged transistors. All Focus test fixtures come with TRL calibration standards and support most transistor packages sized from less than 0.1″ and up to 1″.
![Focus Microwaves Focus Microwaves](/sites/default/files/styles/max_650x650/public/focus_microwaves_blue.jpg?itok=4YUBYK0g)
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
![Focus Microwaves - Cardiff Behavioral Model Software Focus Microwaves - Cardiff Behavioral Model Software](/sites/default/files/styles/max_2600x2600/public/behavioral-model-data-display-contours-1024x735.png?itok=ou6s_pFz)