Focus Microwaves - TRL Calibration Kits
Focus recommends TRL Calibration Kits for applications such as load pull & noise parameters. Due to high reflection and low loss, tuner S-parameter measurements represent a challenge for VNA’s, because of error term determination and coupler directivity. Long experience has taught us not to rely on other calibration techniques than TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line). The popular SOLT technique is conditionally useable, but not guaranteed, up to 4GHz. The much convenient ECal method has provided questionable and inconsistent results. Our Customers are advised to be very careful with VNA calibrations, because the whole measured data depends on that.
Because of this, and to save our customers time and doubt, Focus has developed and offers a set of precise and reliable TRL calibration kits from 0.03 to 110 GHz with the following connector types: 7/16, N, APC-7, 3.5mm, 2.9mm, 2.4mm, 1.85mm, WR-15, WR-10. Our calibration kits are compatible with all commercial network analyzers.
For more information on TRL Calibration Kits, please read the following paper on TRL Versus SOLT
Model |
Description |
Connector |
| GPC-7/16-TRL-CV | up to 6.5 GHz | 7/16 |
| GPC-7-TRL-CV | up to 18 GHz | 7mm |
| GPC-N-TRL-CV | up to 18 GHz | N Type |
| GPC-3.5-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 35 GHz | 3.5mm |
| GPC-2.9-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 40 GHz | 2.9mm (K®) |
| GPC-2.4-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 50 GHz | 2.4mm |
| GPC-1.85-V-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 65 GHz | 1.85mm (V) |
| GPC-WR22-TRL-CV | 33 - 50 GHz | WR-22 |
| GPC-WR15-TRL-CV | 50 - 75 GHz | WR-15 |
| GPC-WR10-TRL-CV | 75 - 110 GHz | WR-10 |
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More Product Information
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Supports up to 12 VNA ports than can be mapped to four logical ports for calibration
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Extensive guidance, wizards and management features automate calibration setup, measurement, result data conversion and report creation
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LRRM-SOLT, multi-line TRL and second-tier calibration methods enable precision and simple multi-port calibrations
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Automatic load inductance compensation function ensures the most repeatable calibrations
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Easy to use Probe to ISS/CSR matching tool
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Additional remoting methods
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Interface with Velox™ over LAN
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Substrate material: High-resistivity silicon
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Substrate thickness: 275 µm
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Dielectric constant: 11.8
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Nominal Z0: 50 Ω
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Focus offers a complete range of manual tuners. The MMT series use the same RF technology and precision as a comparable automatic tuner.
They are available in octave and multi-octave bands between 400 MHz and 18 GHz and provide high VSWR at DUT reference plane with a high reliability.
For harmonic tuning requirements, the MMT series can be enhanced, referring to as option –H2 and –H23, using a similar concept as Focus’ harmonic rejection tuners (PHT).
For more information on Automated Tuners, Click here!
An impedance tuner is an apparatus, which generates controllable reflection factor (Impedance) over a certain frequency range. Focus uses two basic technologies:
a) For frequencies from 100MHz to 110GHz (and above) we use the slide screw technique (models Multi Harmonic MPT, wideband (fundamental) CCMT, harmonic rejection PHT), in which a reflective probe (slug) is inserted into the slot of a low loss slotted transmission line (slabline or waveguide).
b) For frequencies from below 10MHz to 170MHz we use a lumped element technology (models LFT), whereby variable capacitors are connected with optimized lengths of coaxial cable.
The Focus Compact Model (FCM) utility is a streamlined software package designed to be used with Focus’ AURIGA high-end Pulsed-IV system, that is used to generate Compact Models for transistors from their Pulsed-IV and wideband pulsed s-parameter data.
This is achieved by generating a network of lumped circuit elements that represent accurately the fundamental linear & non-linear behavior of the device over a broad range of bias and power range.
The result of the modeling is a netlist and compatible with- the most common CAD tools used in RF Design; such as AWR Microwave office (MWO) and Keysight PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS).
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Type APS-H CMOS sensor
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IEEE 1588 PTP
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Power over Ethernet
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4.59 fps at full resolution
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Extended near-infrared (GT5120NIR) model
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GigE Vision interface with Power over Ethernet
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Screw mount RJ45 Ethernet connector for secure operation in industrial environments
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Supports cable lengths up to 100 meters (CAT-6 recommended)
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Trigger over Ethernet Action Commands allow for a single cable solution to reduce system costs
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Comprehensive I/O functionality for simplified system integration
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Planarity adjusted (PA) EF Lens Mount (option -18) for electronic control of aperture and autofocus
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Easy camera mounting via standard M3 threads at all sides and 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole
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Easy software integration with Allied Vision's Vimba Suite and compatibility to the most popular third party image-processing libraries.
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Enhanced Defect Pixel Correction feature with a new Defective Pixel List Manager tool that allows you to load different user defined defective pixel lists to match your application and optimize the life cycle of the camera
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High spatial resolution
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IEEE 1588 PTP
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Power over Ethernet
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Defect pixel masking
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Monochrome (GT5400) and color (GT5400C) models
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Screw mount RJ45 Ethernet connector for secure operation in industrial environments
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Supports cable lengths up to 100 meters (CAT-6 recommended)
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Trigger over Ethernet Action Commands allow for a single cable solution to reduce system costs
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Comprehensive I/O functionality for simplified system integration
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Planarity adjusted (PA) EF Lens Mount (option -18) for electronic control of aperture and autofocus
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Easy camera mounting via standard M3 threads at all sides and 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole
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Defect pixel masking feature with the Defect Mask Loader tool that allows you to manage a user defined defective pixel list to match your application and optimize the life cycle of the camera.
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Easy software integration with Allied Vision's Vimba Suite and compatibility to the most popular third party image-processing libraries.
- Boost performance by up to 3x over its precursor thanks to an Intel x6000 series embedded processor
- Capture high-resolution images at high speed through a choice of CMOS sensors from two to 16 Megapixels
- Deploy in dirty, humid, or harsh industrial environments by way of a compact IP67-rated design
- Communicate actions and results to other automation and enterprise equipment via real-time digital I/Os, and Ethernet (TCP/IP, CC-Link IE Field Basic, EtherNet/IP™2, Modbus® , PROFINET® , and native robot interfaces)
- Handle Human-Machine Interface (HMI) function by way of VGA and USB connectivity
- Simplify vision setup and upkeep via integrated lens focusing and illumination intensity control
- Synchronize to the manufacturing line through the support for incremental rotary encoders
- Solve machine vision applications efficiently with Aurora Design Assistant by constructing flowcharts instead of writing program code
- Maintain control and independence through the ability to code custom flowchart steps
- Tackle machine vision applications with utmost confidence using field-proven tools for analyzing, locating, classifying, measuring, reading, and verifying
- Leverage deep learning for visual inspection through image classification and segmentation tools
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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