Focus Microwaves - TRL Calibration Kits
Focus recommends TRL Calibration Kits for applications such as load pull & noise parameters. Due to high reflection and low loss, tuner S-parameter measurements represent a challenge for VNA’s, because of error term determination and coupler directivity. Long experience has taught us not to rely on other calibration techniques than TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line). The popular SOLT technique is conditionally useable, but not guaranteed, up to 4GHz. The much convenient ECal method has provided questionable and inconsistent results. Our Customers are advised to be very careful with VNA calibrations, because the whole measured data depends on that.
Because of this, and to save our customers time and doubt, Focus has developed and offers a set of precise and reliable TRL calibration kits from 0.03 to 110 GHz with the following connector types: 7/16, N, APC-7, 3.5mm, 2.9mm, 2.4mm, 1.85mm, WR-15, WR-10. Our calibration kits are compatible with all commercial network analyzers.
For more information on TRL Calibration Kits, please read the following paper on TRL Versus SOLT
Model |
Description |
Connector |
| GPC-7/16-TRL-CV | up to 6.5 GHz | 7/16 |
| GPC-7-TRL-CV | up to 18 GHz | 7mm |
| GPC-N-TRL-CV | up to 18 GHz | N Type |
| GPC-3.5-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 35 GHz | 3.5mm |
| GPC-2.9-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 40 GHz | 2.9mm (K®) |
| GPC-2.4-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 50 GHz | 2.4mm |
| GPC-1.85-V-TRL-CV | 0.1 to 65 GHz | 1.85mm (V) |
| GPC-WR22-TRL-CV | 33 - 50 GHz | WR-22 |
| GPC-WR15-TRL-CV | 50 - 75 GHz | WR-15 |
| GPC-WR10-TRL-CV | 75 - 110 GHz | WR-10 |
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More Product Information
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Substrate material: High-resistivity silicon
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Substrate thickness: 275 µm
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Dielectric constant: 11.8
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Nominal Z0: 50 Ω
Focus Microwaves’ DELTA series of electro-mechanical tuners is designed specifically for high frequency on wafer measurements. The tuner’s low profile allows it to be placed within the wafer perimeter and allows for a direct connection between the probe tip and the tuner, eliminating all possible insertion loss between the DUT and the tuner. This revolutionary new tuner design enables the engineer to achieve optimum tuning range, with a tuner whose footprint and weight has been dramatically reduced.
Non-linear measurement data is often used to create a behavioral model for high frequency components. Formulations of these models have been defined in terms of traveling waves, with a desire to represent nonlinear behavior of high frequency transistors through a direct extension from linear s-parameters.
The Mesuro model portfolio is comprised of two variations of a behavioral model – each targeted at a particular end use – Cardiff Model Lite (CML), where the desired output is a local model, and Cardiff Model+ (CM+), which incorporates higher order mixing terms allowing a single model to fit over a range of impedance space.
The Focus Compact Model (FCM) utility is a streamlined software package designed to be used with Focus’ AURIGA high-end Pulsed-IV system, that is used to generate Compact Models for transistors from their Pulsed-IV and wideband pulsed s-parameter data.
This is achieved by generating a network of lumped circuit elements that represent accurately the fundamental linear & non-linear behavior of the device over a broad range of bias and power range.
The result of the modeling is a netlist and compatible with- the most common CAD tools used in RF Design; such as AWR Microwave office (MWO) and Keysight PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS).
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Supports the latest 5G FR1 and IEEE 802.11ax standards
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up to 1GHz active load pull bandwidth capability
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Test the latest high bandwidth and high modulation cellular standards such as 1024QAM 802.11ax
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This system can be used in all parts of the design cycle
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Initial device characterisation
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MMIC or PA design
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Design verification testing
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Product testing in the factory
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3 Measurement States; Quiescent (OFF-State), Non Quiescent (ON-State), and Pre-State
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The Pre State is a short high voltage state used to activate
the traps in the semiconductor.
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Adjustable delay (Δt) between the Pre state and Non Quiescent state down to 0s.
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Independently adjustable timing settings for the Three-state gate pulser and drain pulser
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Easy Integration into existing mainframes
- This High Intensity Spot Light is engineered for long throw and high brightness illumination.
- Built with 12 high current LEDs focused to produce even illumination at distances beyond 300mm.
- Designed to replace our previous SL185 with 3X the brightness (110Klux @ 300mm).
- Available in a wide range of wavelengths.
- Tiny “all-in-one” solution: no external control board needed
- Superior image quality: sub-micron lens movement with very low tilt. Now with higher dynamic stability
- Low voltage & power: 3.3 VDC input, zero power position hold
- Simple system integration: accepts high-level motion commands over standard serial interface (I2C or SPI)
- Flexible, production-ready system: compatible with M8 to M16 lenses and with typical image formats from 1/3” to 1/1.8”
- Lowest cost, fastest time to market: Fully-engineered “plug and play” solution
The low frequency tuners are a unique product technology using MPT algorithms for low frequency wideband tuning. Three or more cascaded tuning sections use series transmission cables and parallel rotary capacitors.
The length of the cables and number of tuning sections are optimized for maximum tuning range over a given bandwidth. HLFT tuners use 6 tuning sections allowing second harmonic frequency tuning.
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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