Southwest Microwave - 2.40 mm Connectors - 50 GHz
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The Focus Compact Model (FCM) utility is a streamlined software package designed to be used with Focus’ AURIGA high-end Pulsed-IV system, that is used to generate Compact Models for transistors from their Pulsed-IV and wideband pulsed s-parameter data.
This is achieved by generating a network of lumped circuit elements that represent accurately the fundamental linear & non-linear behavior of the device over a broad range of bias and power range.
The result of the modeling is a netlist and compatible with- the most common CAD tools used in RF Design; such as AWR Microwave office (MWO) and Keysight PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS).
Focus provides the deepest portfolio of wideband fundamental and harmonic passive tuners. Passive impedance tuners generate controllable reflection factor (Impedance) across the smith chart over a given frequency range. Focus uses two basic technologies:
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From 100MHz to 120GHz we use the slide screw technique in which a reflective probe is inserted into a low loss slotted transmission line.
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For frequencies from 10MHz to 170MHz we use a lumped element technology, whereby variable capacitors are connected with optimized lengths of coaxial cable. To view our Low Frequency Tuners, Click Here!
Most Focus Passive Tuners use long lasting RF probes which are designed for optimal tuning accuracy and are free of spurious resonances. The combination of multiple probes provide ultra wideband coverage in one single tuner. All Focus Passive Tuners are LAN controlled and include on-board impedance synthesis firmware.
For more information on Passive Tuners, visit our youtube channel!
Focus’ modular microstrip, high power and ultra low loss coaxial RF Test Fixtures are designed mainly for load pull testing of packaged transistors. All Focus test fixtures come with TRL calibration standards and support most transistor packages sized from less than 0.1″ and up to 1″.
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Focus recommends TRL Calibration Kits for applications such as load pull & noise parameters. Due to high reflection and low loss, tuner S-parameter measurements represent a challenge for VNA’s, because of error term determination and coupler directivity. Long experience has taught us not to rely on other calibration techniques than TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line). The popular SOLT technique is conditionally useable, but not guaranteed, up to 4GHz. The much convenient ECal method has provided questionable and inconsistent results. Our Customers are advised to be very careful with VNA calibrations, because the whole measured data depends on that.
Because of this, and to save our customers time and doubt, Focus has developed and offers a set of precise and reliable TRL calibration kits from 0.03 to 110 GHz with the following connector types: 7/16, N, APC-7, 3.5mm, 2.9mm, 2.4mm, 1.85mm, WR-15, WR-10. Our calibration kits are compatible with all commercial network analyzers.
For more information on TRL Calibration Kits, please read the following paper on TRL Versus SOLT
An impedance tuner is an apparatus, which generates controllable reflection factor (Impedance) over a certain frequency range. Focus uses two basic technologies:
a) For frequencies from 100MHz to 110GHz (and above) we use the slide screw technique (models Multi Harmonic MPT, wideband (fundamental) CCMT, harmonic rejection PHT), in which a reflective probe (slug) is inserted into the slot of a low loss slotted transmission line (slabline or waveguide).
b) For frequencies from below 10MHz to 170MHz we use a lumped element technology (models LFT), whereby variable capacitors are connected with optimized lengths of coaxial cable.
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Unique Air Coplanar tip design with choice of beryllium copper (BeCu) or tungsten tip material
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DC to 110 GHz models available in single and dual line versions
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Low insertion and return loss with ultra-low-loss ( -L ) versions
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Excellent crosstalk characteristics
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Wide operating temperature -65 ° C to + 200 ° C
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Wide range of pitches available, from 50 to 1250 µm
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Individually supported contacts
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Reduced contact (RC) probe tips for small pads
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BeCu tip provides rugged, repeatable contact on gold pads
Focus Microwaves’ DELTA series of electro-mechanical tuners is designed specifically for high frequency on wafer measurements. The tuner’s low profile allows it to be placed within the wafer perimeter and allows for a direct connection between the probe tip and the tuner, eliminating all possible insertion loss between the DUT and the tuner. This revolutionary new tuner design enables the engineer to achieve optimum tuning range, with a tuner whose footprint and weight has been dramatically reduced.
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